Adult Diagnosis of ADHD
A diagnosis of ADHD can change the life of those suffering from the condition. It can help people to discover the reason for their struggles at work, at home and in their relationships.
However it can be challenging to get a diagnosis as symptoms can be overlapping with other ailments. A mental health specialist or health care professional will evaluate the individual and perform tests.
Signs and symptoms
A person may not be aware that they have ADHD until they reach the age of adulthood, perhaps because teachers and parents did not recognize symptoms at a younger age or because the demands of college or work life made the disorder more apparent. Adults with ADHD who are not treated are affected in their social, academic and work lives. Many people with undiagnosed ADHD experience a variety of issues, including problems with relationships and financial problems.
A mental health professional will conduct an interview and review the patient's medical, mental health and personal history, paying particular attention to the symptoms in various settings. The patient will discuss the symptoms and how they affect their daily life and relationships. It is important that patients are open about their symptoms and not conceal them to avoid embarrassment.
The mental health professional must also determine if these symptoms are linked to comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression, which often coexist with ADHD. These conditions often make the symptoms of ADHD worse and can hinder effective treatment for the disorder.
If the psychiatrist or psychology thinks that the symptoms are affected by comorbid conditions such as learning disabilities, neuropsychological disorders, or psychological disorders, then additional testing could be performed to determine an accurate diagnosis. These tests will also aid in determining the extent of impairment to function that is caused by these conditions. Additionally the mental health professional might request an interview with one or more significant others such as spouses, siblings, and coworkers, in order to gather an accurate picture of the person's functioning and issues.
Diagnosis
Adults are diagnosed with ADHD by a mental healthcare specialist or physician following an exhaustive evaluation. This involves a thorough discussion of the symptoms and how they impact the way you live your life. It also includes the presence of any other mental disorders that can occur with ADHD, such mood disorders and anxiety. In addition, the physician might ask for the assistance of significant others--usually the spouse or a close friend -- to help gather more information regarding the person's behavior.
A correct diagnosis of ADHD can alter your life. The diagnosis gives adults an explanation for behaviors that they thought were "normal". Sometimes, it is a relief knowing that they're not just naive or forgetful; their problems are more complex.
The American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth edition (DSM-5) requires that adults meet specific criteria for symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity. This is a standard established to ensure that individuals receive the care and support they require. To be eligible for an ADHD diagnosis, one must have been suffering from the symptoms for at least 12 months, and they must be causing significant impairment in a variety of settings, including school, at home, or at work with family or friends or in other settings. The number of symptoms required for adults older than 17 has been reduced from six to five.
A positive relationship with your primary health care provider can help you identify ADHD. Many providers regularly diagnose and treat ADHD in children, and can refer you to an expert in mental health who is qualified to perform an assessment of adults.
Treatment
When a person with ADHD is diagnosed, their life can change dramatically. They can finally have some reasons for their failures in school or the struggle to establish a career or relationship problems. A diagnosis can ease the guilt that has built up for some people over time.
Talking to a mental health specialist or health care professional is the first step towards getting an assessment. They may ask about family history and conduct a physical exam to rule out other conditions like sleep disorders or learning disabilities which can cause symptoms similar to ADHD. They can also ask the patient to complete an assessment scale of symptoms.
In many cases, the doctor will request that a spouse or partner is interviewed during the process of assessment. This can help the non-ADHD spouse or partner gain a better understanding and compassionate attitude towards their loved one's ADHD symptoms, which is important in enhancing relationships following the diagnosis. If this isn't feasible the therapist may ask acquaintances or colleagues who are familiar with the individual.
Adults suffering from ADHD are treated primarily with medications. Stimulants such as methylphenidate (Ritalin(r)) and dextroamphetamine (Adderall(r)) are the most effective and widely used medications to treat adult ADHD. Other medications like Atomoxetine (Strattera(r),) and Guanfacine (Intuniv (r), Tenex (r)) can increase the amount of norepinephrine found in the brain. These medications can improve ADHD symptoms.
Psychotherapy is a different option. Cognitive-behavioral therapies can help patients learn skills to manage their ADHD symptoms. These include time management and self-regulation strategies, organizing strategies of emotions and behaviors and coping strategies for self-doubt and negative criticism. Other therapies, like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) can help adults recognize subconscious thoughts or irrational thought patterns that cause negative behavior, and also develop positive self-talk.
Medication
Many people have found that ADHD medication helps to alleviate their symptoms. The medication is usually in the form a stimulant and increases brain activity in areas that control the behavior and attention. Methylphenidate, the most common medication used by adults suffering from ADHD is available in various forms. It is available as immediate-release tablets or as modified-release tablets that release the medication throughout the day. Clonidine, another type of medication works by reducing the brain activity. It can be taken as a pill or liquid.
The psychiatrist or therapist will review the medical and family history of the adult patient in order to determine factors that may cause similar symptoms. This is crucial due to the fact that certain medical conditions, such as seizures and thyroid issues can cause symptoms that are similar to those of ADHD. Certain medications and dietary supplements may also cause similar symptoms.
During the examination it is likely that the person will be asked to describe their ADHD symptoms to a therapist or psychiatrist. They will be asked to provide standard ADHD ratings and check lists as and psychological tests that measure executive function, working memory (abilities such as making decisions and planning) spatial and visual ability, as well as reasoning skills.
If the psychiatrist or therapist believes that the symptoms of ADHD are seriously impairing the life of a person, they will recommend treatment with medication. In certain instances a therapist may request the spouse or partner of the patient to talk with them about the impact of their symptoms on the relationship. This step can help to reduce blaming between individuals and can lead to better, more productive relationships.
Counseling
Receiving a diagnosis is a huge relief for many adults suffering from ADHD. It's an opportunity to discover the reasons behind their struggles at school or at work and learn how to overcome them. getting a diagnosis for adhd 's also an opportunity to change negative behaviors and boost self-esteem.
Counseling can be a wonderful method to build a strong support network. Counseling for ADHD may include psychotherapy (or psychological therapy) as well as a variety of behavioral treatments. A therapist could create a chart that rewards positive behaviors and imposes consequences for negative behaviors. Therapists can also teach the patient how to manage their symptoms, such as relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing or meditative postures in yoga.
Counseling can assist people to accept and understand their ADHD. It's not always easy to admit you have problems with attention or planning and organizing. It can be embarrassing to tell co-workers and supervisors about your ADHD. However, the majority of teachers and bosses will be willing to provide accommodations to accommodate your needs. They could, for instance, allow you to write on computers instead of paper or give an explanation of classroom material.
Additionally the therapist can also teach you how to deal with your ADHD through cognitive behavioral therapy, which is a form of therapy that helps you change negative thoughts and behavior to positive ones. Counseling for ADHD can also include marital or family therapy. It teaches family members how to communicate better and resolve problems with someone who suffers from ADHD. People who suffer from ADHD typically suffer from other mental health disorders like depression or anxiety and may be afflicted by substance abuse and addiction, which can cause more symptoms.